Demand:
In economics, demand is an economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.Suppose you have desire of certain thing but you have no money for buying that so you can not demand that thing. Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship. The term demand signifies the ability or the willingness to buy a particular commodity at a given point of time. The relationship between price and demand is always inverse as the price goes down demand increases and vice-versa (provided that other factors affecting demand will remain constant) (जब किसी चीज की कीमत कम होती है तो उसकी मांग बढ़ जाती है और जब किसी चीज की कीमत बढ़ जाये तो उसकी मांग घट जाती है )
In economics, demand is an economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.Suppose you have desire of certain thing but you have no money for buying that so you can not demand that thing. Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship. The term demand signifies the ability or the willingness to buy a particular commodity at a given point of time. The relationship between price and demand is always inverse as the price goes down demand increases and vice-versa (provided that other factors affecting demand will remain constant) (जब किसी चीज की कीमत कम होती है तो उसकी मांग बढ़ जाती है और जब किसी चीज की कीमत बढ़ जाये तो उसकी मांग घट जाती है )
Factors affecting demand ( मांग को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक )
Innumerable factors and circumstances could affect a buyer's willingness or ability to buy a good. Some of the more common factors are: (मांग को प्रभावित करने वाले कई कारण है, उनमे से कुछ कारण निम्न है )
- Good's own price: (वस्तु की कीमत ) The basic demand relationship is between potential prices of a good and the quantities that would be purchased at those prices. Generally the relationship is negative meaning that an increase in price will induce a decrease in the quantity demanded. This negative relationship is embodied in the downward slope of the consumer demand curve. The assumption of a negative relationship is reasonable and intuitive. If the price of a new novel is high, a person might decide to borrow the book from the public library rather than buy it. (मांग को प्रभावित करने वाला सबसे मुख्य कारण वस्तु की कीमत होती है, सामान्यतः वस्तु की मांग और कीमत में नेगेटिव सम्बन्ध होता है मतलब जब वस्तु की कीमत बढती है तो मांग घट जाती है और जब कीमत घटती है तो मांग बढ़ जाती है)
- Price of related goods: (सम्बंधित वस्तुओं की कीमत) The principal related goods are complements and substitutes. A complement is a good that is used with the primary good. Examples include hotdogs and mustard, beer and pretzels, automobiles and gasoline.(Perfect complements behave as a single good.) If the price of the complement goes up the quantity demanded of the other good goes down. Mathematically, the variable representing the price of the complementary good would have a negative coefficient in the demand function. For example, Qd = a - P - Pg where Q is the quantity of automobiles demanded, P is the price of automobiles and Pg is the price of gasoline. The other main category of related goods are substitutes. Substitutes are goods that can be used in place of the primary good. The mathematical relationship between the price of the substitute and the demand for the good in question is positive. If the price of the substitute goes down the demand for the good in question goes down. ( दो तरह की सम्बंधित वस्तुए होती है एक जिसे कॉम्पलिमेंट गुड्स कहते है जो हमेशा साथ use होती है जैसे गाडी और पेट्रोल ये कोम्प्लेमेंट्स गुड्स कहे जाते है अब अगर इसमें से किसी भी एक का दाम बढ़ता या घटता है तो दुसरे की मांग पर जरूर असर होगा जैसे अगर पेट्रोल का दाम बढेगा तो गाडियों की बिक्री घट जाएगी। दूसरी को substitute goods कहते है ये वस्तु हमेशा दुसरे की जगह use होती है जैसे चाय और काफी जब चाय का दाम बढेगा तो काफी की मांग बढ़ जाएगी और जब काफी का दाम बढेगा तो चाय की मांग बढ़ जाएगी। इस तरह हम देख सकते है की किसी दुसरे वस्तु के दाम बढ़ने या घटने का किसी और वस्तु के मांग पर क्या असर पड़ता है।)
- Personal Disposable Income:(व्यक्तिगत खर्च करने योग्य आय ) In most cases, the more disposable income (income after tax and receipt of benefits) you have the more likely you are to buy. ( हम जानते है की किसी भी व्यक्ति की खर्च करने की सीमा उसके आये के द्वारा निर्धारित होती है इसलिए लोगो की आय का मांग पर सीधा असर होता है जीतनी ज्यादा आय होगी उतनी ही मांग बढ़ेगी)
- Tastes or preferences: The greater the desire to own a good the more likely you are to buy the good There is a basic distinction between desire and demand. Desire is a measure of the willingness to buy a good based on its intrinsic qualities. Demand is the willingness and ability to put one's desires into effect. It is assumed that tastes and preferences are relatively constant.
- Consumer expectations about future prices and income: If a consumer believes that the price of the good will be higher in the future he is more likely to purchase the good now. If the consumer expects that his income will be higher in the future the consumer may buy the good now. ( अगर कोई व्यक्ति ये जान जाये की भविष्य में किसी वस्तु की कीमत बढ़ने वाली है तो वो उन चीजो को खरीदना सुरु कर देगा जिससे उसकी मांग बढ़ जाएगी इसका सबसे अच्छा उदहारण जमीन है लोगो को इस चीज का अंदाजा है की भविष्य में जमीन की किमते बढेंगी इसीलिए उसकी आज मांग भी बढ़ गयी है।)
- Population:If the population grows this means that demand will also increase.
- Nature of the good: (वस्तु का प्रकार )If the good is a basic commodity, it will lead to a higher demand ( अगर कोई वस्तु कोई जरुरत की वस्तु है तो उसकी मांग भी उतनी ही ज्यादा होती है)
- This list is not exhaustive. All facts and circumstances that a buyer finds relevant to his willingness or ability to buy goods can affect demand. For example, a person caught in an unexpected storm is more likely to buy an umbrella than if the weather were bright and sunny.(इस प्रकार हम देख सकते है की कई तरह की परिस्थितया मांग को प्रभावित करती है।)
- The above stated demand curve shows us that when price is high demand is low and when price becomes low demands becomes high. (ऊपर स्थित डिमांड कर्व हमे दिखाता है की कैसे जब कीमत कम होती है तो डिमांड ज्यादा होती है और जब कीमत ज्यादा होती है तो डिमांड कम )

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